HCV core protein antibody – clone 1864
Mouse anti HCV core protein antibody (clone 1864) is specific for the core protein of Hepatitis C virus (HCV). Mouse anti HCV core protein antibody recognises HCV genotypes 1a and 2. The antibody is suitable for immunoassay research and development.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an enveloped, positive-sense, single stranded RNA virus that is a member of the hepacivirus genus of the family Flaviviridae. HCV was first recognised in 1970 and described as non-A, non-B hepatitis, until 1989 when the pathogen was identified as hepatitis C. Currently, eleven genotypes of HCV are recognised, designated 1-11. Genotypes 1-6 are the major genotypes, which are further classified into subtypes a,b and c. Genotype 1 is the most prevalent globally, followed by 3, 2 and 4.
Humans are the primary reservoir of Hepatitis C virus. HCV is a bloodborne virus that is transmitted through infected blood. Transmission of HCV may occur through the sharing of needles for injecting drugs, the use of inadequately sterilised medical equipment infected with HCV and the transfusion of unscreened blood and blood products. HCV is responsible for 15-20% of cases of acute hepatitis worldwide (WHO).
All recognised genotypes are pathogenic and target hepatocytes. The incubation period for HCV infection is 2-6 months. During the period of acute infection, most individuals remain asymptomatic and recover without need for treatment but may present with liver damage later in life. A large percentage of HCV infected Individuals have clinical symptoms that include nausea, vomiting, fatigue, abdominal pain and jaundice. Patients also develop chronic hepatitis, which can progress to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Additional complications associated with persistent HCV infection include insulin resistance and type II diabetes mellitus (Li, HC).
The genotypes of HCV respond differently to treatment and therefore a correct diagnosis is important. However, Hepatitis C virus is difficult to isolate, and the asymptomatic nature of HCV infection makes clinical diagnosis difficult. Serological methods to detect HCV IgM antibodies in patient’s serum are reported to be unreliable but diagnostic methods to detect HCV total antibody and HCV core protein may have some value.
References
World Health Organization: Hepatitis C, key facts
Li HC et al. 2015. Hepatitis C virus: Virology, diagnosis and treatment. World J Hepatol. 8;7(10):1377-89.
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